ABSTRACT Objective To describe and compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to intensive care units during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this retrospective single-center cohort study, data were retrieved from the Epimed Monitor System; all adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit between March 4, 2020, and October 1, 2021, were included in the study. We compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit of a quaternary private hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, during the first (May 1, 2020, to August 31, 2020) and second (March 1, 2021, to June 30, 2021) waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results In total, 1,427 patients with COVID-19 were admitted to the intensive care unit during the first (421 patients) and second (1,006 patients) waves. Compared with the first wave group [median (IQR)], the second wave group was younger [57 (46-70) versus 67 (52-80) years; p<0.001], had a lower SAPS 3 Score [45 (42-52) versus 49 (43-57); p<0.001], lower SOFA Score on intensive care unit admission [3 (1-6) versus 4 (2-6); p=0.018], lower Charlson Comorbidity Index [0 (0-1) versus 1 (0-2); p<0.001], and were less frequently frail (10.4% versus 18.1%; p<0.001). The second wave group used more noninvasive ventilation (81.3% versus 53.4%; p<0.001) and high-flow nasal cannula (63.2% versus 23.0%; p<0.001) during their intensive care unit stay. The intensive care unit (11.3% versus 10.5%; p=0.696) and in-hospital mortality (12.3% versus 12.1%; p=0.998) rates did not differ between both waves. Conclusion In the first and second waves, patients with severe COVID-19 exhibited similar mortality rates and need for invasive organ support, despite the second wave group being younger and less severely ill at the time of intensive care unit admission.

Resumo Este estudo avalia a capacidade da política fiscal em suavizar o ciclo econômico brasileiro. Para tanto, são estimados multiplicadores para variáveis fiscais desagregadas. Considerando os impactos positivos da política fiscal sobre a atividade econômica, as respostas do produto aos choques diferem entre as fases recessivas e expansivas do ciclo durante o período de 1997 a 2018. Em termos de condução de política econômica, os resultados revelam que os estímulos à demanda agregada são mais adequados em um contexto recessivo. Por fim, os autores mostram que a inclusão da dívida líquida nas equações do modelo não altera o comportamento dos choques no SVAR. Contudo, embora modifique alguns resultados do MS-VAR, não se trata de uma variável predominante para a magnitude do multiplicador fiscal, pois as flutuações cíclicas prevalecem sobre o tamanho do impulso fiscal.

Abstract This study evaluates the capacity of fiscal policy to smooth the Brazilian economic cycle. Therefore, multipliers are estimated for disaggregated fiscal variables. Considering the positive impacts of fiscal policy on economic activity, production responses to shocks differs between the recessive and expansive phases of the cycle from 1997 to 2018. In terms of economic policy management, the results reveal that aggregate demand stimuli are more appropriate in the context of a recession. Finally, the authors show that the inclusion of net debt in the model’s equations does not affect how shocks behaver in the SVAR. However, although it modifies some of the MS-VAR results, it is not a predominant variable for the magnitude of the fiscal multiplier, since cyclical fluctuations prevail over the size of the fiscal impulse.

Resumo: Introdução: O processo de ensino-aprendizagem passou por grandes mudanças tecnológicas ao longo das décadas, com importante impacto nos cursos de Medicina. Uma dessas mudanças foi o uso dos ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem (AVA). Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade do processo de ensino-aprendizagem remoto no curso de Medicina durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Método: É um estudo de caráter descritivo com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Seu desenvolvimento foi dividido em quatro fases: revisão da literatura, desenvolvimento do protocolo de avaliação, coleta e análise dos dados. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um formulário on-line, e a análise dos dados, por análise estatística em três eixos: a avaliação do perfil tecnológico, a avaliação da aceitação da tecnologia e a experiência do usuário. Resultado: Foi constatado que a maioria dos estudantes (65%) e docentes (88.2%) possuía infraestrutura para participar do semestre suplementar. A maior parte dos alunos relatou sentir segurança em utilizar as ferramentas tecnológicas e estava satisfeita com o ensino remoto, porém 53% dos alunos relataram não ter um rendimento tão grande quanto teriam em um período presencial comum, além de terem mencionado dificuldades na adaptação ao ensino remoto, e 40,2% citaram uma alta taxa de problemas psicológicos entre eles. Os docentes em sua maioria se sentiam seguros em lecionar on-line e também tiveram uma avaliação em geral bastante positiva do semestre remoto, tendo apenas algumas discordâncias em relação ao tempo para preparação das aulas e da criação de materiais didáticos para seus alunos. Conclusão: Os diversos fatores relacionados à tecnologia, organização e saúde mental dos estudantes e docentes devem ser levados em consideração no planejamento dos próximos semestres, pois, até que a situação de saúde volte ao normal, os próximos semestres letivos terão todos os componentes teóricos do curso de Medicina trabalhados remotamente, ao menos com a maioria na modalidade híbrida. É provável que alunos e professores desenvolvam uma curva de aprendizagem e consequente adaptação, o que pode atenuar algumas das dificuldades observadas. É preciso que o processo de adaptação seja catalisado por normas, orientações e também inovações da universidade.

Abstract: Introduction: Introduction: The teaching-learning process has undergone major technological changes over the decades, with a significant impact on medical courses. One of these changes has been the use of virtual learning environments (VLEs). Objective: to evaluate the quality of the remote teaching-learning process in the medical course during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This is a descriptive study with a quantitative and qualitative approach. Its development was divided into 4 phases: literature review, development of the assessment protocol, data collection and analysis. Data collection was through an online form and data analysis was by statistical analysis on three axes: assessment of the technological profile, assessment of the acceptance of the technology and the user experience. Result: It was found that most students (65%) and teachers (88.2%) had the infrastructure to participate in the supplementary semester. Most students reported feeling safe in using technological tools and were satisfied with the remote teaching, however, 53% of students reported underachievement in relation to their performance in an ordinary classroom period and reported difficulties in adapting to remote learning, and 40.2% reported a high rate of psychological problems. Most teachers felt secure in teaching online and had a very positive overall evaluation of the remote semester, with only a few disagreements regarding the time to prepare classes and create teaching materials for their students. Conclusion: The various factors related to technology, organization and mental health of students and teachers must be taken into account in the planning of the next semesters, because until the health situation returns to normal, the forthcoming academic semesters will provide all the theoretical components of the medical course remotely, or at least the majority provided in a hybrid modality. It is likely that students and teachers will develop a learning curve and consequent adaptation, which may alleviate some of the difficulties observed. The adaptation process needs to be catalyzed by standards, guidelines and innovations from the university.

ABSTRACT The air traffic environment is a complex system that involves several players. Between the air navigation service provider (ANPS) and the final client, many different organizations act with different purposes but are strongly interfaced. Changes and modifications in terms of technology, predefined process, or personnel are constantly needed, requiring coordination among the stakeholders. However, due to the high level of interaction between the players, any change in a complex system like the air traffic environment requires risk management. This paper demonstrates the suitability and advantages of the System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes/Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STAMP/STPA) method to be applied to the risk assessment of an operational air traffic modification. The method, which had never been used on an air traffic problem in Brazil before, was applied considering the implementation of segregated simultaneous operation at the Guarulhos International Airport. The results were proven to be effective in terms of deriving useful safety requirements. From such demonstration, STAMP/STPA can be considered as a feasible alternative to the brainstorming method currently applied for risk assessment and generation of safety requirements regarding modifications in the structure of the air traffic services (ATS) in Brazil.

ABSTRACT Background: This study aimed to evaluate IgG and IgM levels in COVID-19 recurrence. Methods: The serum antibody levels and clinical data from 73 healthcare workers with SARS-CoV-2 divided into seroconverted (n=51) and non-seroconverted (n=22) groups were assessed. The presence of specific anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) IgM and IgG for SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated. IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain were used to confirm non-seroconversion in all negative anti-N. Results: Four recurrent cases displayed mild symptoms and were non-seroconverted until the recurrence of symptoms. Conclusions: Undetectable anti-nucleocapsid IgM and IgG levels may be correlated with symptomatic COVID-19 recurrence.

Resumo: Introdução: A semiologia é a base da prática clínica e seu ensino é essencial no curso de Medicina. Este estudo foi desenvolvido por haver uma lacuna no conhecimento sobre sua distribuição no Brasil. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a distribuição da semiologia do adulto nas escolas médicas brasileiras. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo realizado com 226 escolas médicas brasileiras que disponibilizavam a distribuição de semiologia na internet entre as 335 ativas, em dezembro de 2020 (67,5%). As variáveis estudadas foram região geográfica, administração, gratuidade e tempo de existência da escola, carga horária do curso, do internato e de semiologia, e ano(s) ou semestre(s) em que a semiologia era ofertada no currículo. A análise dos dados foi descritiva, e analisaram-se as associações com os testes: t de Student, análise de variância, qui-quadrado de Pearson, U de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis e Wilcoxon. Admitiu-se um nível de significância de p < 0,05. Resultado: A semiologia foi mais frequentemente ofertada apenas no quarto semestre (n = 40), seguida por sua oferta em dois semestres: quarto e quinto e terceiro e quarto. Entre as 226 escolas, 142 integravam os conteúdos em módulos ou eixos (62,8%). Entre 117 escolas que forneciam a carga horária de semiologia, mediana foi de 240,0 horas (P25-75 = 165,4 - 338,2), sem diferença estatística por região geográfica, administração, gratuidade e tempo de existência da escola. A mediana da carga teórica de semiologia [77,5 horas (P25-75 = 51,7 - 123,5)] foi menor do que a carga prática [147,0 horas (P25-75 = 64,5 - 180,0)], Z = -3,99, p < 0,01. A mediana da porcentagem da carga horária de semiologia no curso foi de 2,9% (P25-75 = 2,0 - 4,0). Conclusão: A semiologia é mais frequentemente ofertada no quarto semestre, e sua carga horária não difere por características geográficas, de administração e tempo de existência das escolas estudadas.

Abstract: Introduction: Semiology is the basis of clinical practice and its teaching is essential in the medical course. This study was developed to fill a gap in the knowledge about its distribution in Brazil. Objective: To analyze the distribution of adult semiology in Brazilian medical schools. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study with 226 Brazilian medical schools that provided the distribution of semiology on the Internet among the 335 active schools in December 2020 (67.5%) The variables studied were school geographic region, administration and free tuition, time of existence of the course, course load of the regular course, clerkship and semiology, and year(s) or semester(s) in which semiology was offered in the curriculum. Data analysis was descriptive and the associations were analyzed using: Student’s t, Chi-square, Analysis of Variance, Mann-Whitney-U, Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Result: Semiology was more frequently offered only in the 4th semester (n = 40), followed by its offer in two semesters, the 4th and 5th and 3rd and 4th. Among the 226 schools, 142 integrated semiology into modules or axes (62.8%). Among the 117 schools that provided the semiology course load, its median was 240.0 hours (P25-75 = 165.4 - 338.2), with no statistical difference by geographic region, type of administration and time of existence of the course. The median of the theoretical course load [77.5 hours (P25-75 = 51.7 - 123.5)] was lower than the practical course load [147.0 hours (P25-75 = 64.5 - 180.0)], Z = - 3,99, p < 0,01. The median of the percentage of semiology course load during the course was 2.9% (P25-75 = 2.0 - 4.0). Conclusion: Semiology is more frequently offered in the 4th semester and its median course load is similar in Brazilian geographic regions and by school administration type and time of existence of the assessed schools.

Resumo Um cisto odontogénico calcificante pode estar associado a tumores odontogénicos, particularmente odontomas. No entanto, a associação entre cisto odontogénico calcificante e cistos odontogénicos é rara. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar o primeiro caso de um cisto odontogénico calcificante associado a um pseudocisto antral. Um paciente do sexo masculino apresentou lesão tumoral em rebordo alveolar superior direito após 6 meses de evolução e quadro doloroso. A radiografia panorâmica indicou lesão radiolúcida entre os dentes 13 a 15 e velamento do seio maxilar. Foi realizada biópsia excisional e realizado diagnóstico histopatológico de cisto odontogénico calcificante associado a pseudocisto antral. O tratamento de escolha foi a enucleação das lesões e curetagem. A paciente está em acompanhamento há cerca de 3 anos sem recidiva da lesão, caracterizando comportamento indolente do cisto odontogénico calcificante.

Abstract A calcifying odontogenic cyst may be associated with odontogenic tumors, particularly odontomas. However, the association between calcifying odontogenic cysts and odontogenic cysts is rare. This study aims to report the first case of a calcifying odontogenic cyst associated with an antral pseudocyst. A male patient presented a tumor lesion in his right maxillary alveolar ridge with 6 months of evolution and painful symptoms . An excisional biopsy was performed, and a histopathological diagnosis of calcifying odontogenic cyst associated with an antral pseudocyst was issued. The treatment of choice was lesion enucleation and curettage. The patient has been under follow-up for about 3 years without lesion recurrence, which is typical indolent calcifying odontogenic cyst behavior.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Um local comum de tumores neuroendócrinos (TNEs) é o reto. A técnica mais utilizada é a ressecção endoscópica da mucosa com injeção de solução salina. No entanto, as margens profundas costumam ser difíceis de ressecar porque a invasão da submucosa é comum. A ressecção endoscópica sob imersão d’água (RESI) é uma técnica em que o lúmen intestinal é preenchido com água em vez de ar, evitando a necessidade de elevação submucosa. OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia e segurança da RESI para a remoção de pequenos TNEs retais (rTNEs). MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com pacientes que realizaram RESI em dois centros. RESI foi realizada usando um colonoscópio padrão. Nenhuma injeção submucosa foi realizada. Patologistas certificados conduziram avaliação histopatológica. RESULTADOS: RESI foi realizada para pequenos rTNEs em 11 pacientes (nove mulheres) com média de idade de 55,8 anos e 11 lesões (tamanho médio de 7 mm, variando de 3-12 mm). Havia 9 (81%) pacientes com G1 rTNEs e dois pacientes com G2, sendo que todos os tumores invadiam a submucosa sendo apenas um restrito a mucosa. Nenhum caso mostrou invasão vascular ou perineural. Todas as lesões foram removidas em bloco. Nove (81%) ressecções tiveram margens livres. Dois pacientes tiveram envolvimento de margens profundas; um teve biópsias negativas por meio de vigilância endoscópica e o outro perdeu o acompanhamento. Não ocorreram perfurações ou sangramento tardios. CONCLUSÃO: A RESI parece ser uma alternativa eficaz e segura para o tratamento de pequenos rTNEs sem eventos adversos e com altas taxas de ressecção em bloco e R0. Mais estudos prospectivos são necessários para comparar as intervenções endoscópicas disponíveis e para elucidar a técnica endoscópica mais adequada para ressecção de rTNEs.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: A common site of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is the rectum. The technique most often used is endoscopic mucosal resection with saline injection. However, deep margins are often difficult to obtain because submucosal invasion is common. Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) is a technique in which the bowel lumen is filled with water rather than air, precluding the need for submucosal lifting. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of UEMR for removing small rectal neuroendocrine tumors (rNETs). METHODS: Retrospective study with patients who underwent UEMR in two centers. UEMR was performed using a standard colonoscope. No submucosal injection was performed. Board-certified pathologists conducted histopathologic assessment. RESULTS: UEMR for small rNET was performed on 11 patients (nine female) with a mean age of 55.8 years and 11 lesions (mean size 7 mm, range 3-12 mm). There were 9 (81%) patients with G1 rNET and two patients with G2, and all tumors invaded the submucosa with only one restricted to the mucosa. None case showed vascular or perineural invasion. All lesions were removed en bloc. Nine (81%) resections had free margins. Two patients had deep margin involvement; one had negative biopsies via endoscopic surveillance, and the other was lost to follow-up. No perforations or delayed bleeding occurred. CONCLUSION: UEMR appeared to be an effective and safe alternative for treatment of small rNETs without adverse events and with high en bloc and R0 resection rates. Further prospective studies are needed to compare available endoscopic interventions and to elucidate the most appropriate endoscopic technique for resection of rNETs.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: O preparo intestinal com manitol é um método bem estabelecido no Brasil. No entanto, os fatores que interferem no tempo de esvaziamento gástrico ainda não são conhecidos. O conhecimento desses fatores pode favorecer a logística de agendamento do exame e a orientação individualizada para cada paciente. OBJETIVO: Estudar os fatores que podem contribuir para o tempo de esvaziamento gástrico após o preparo intestinal com manitol expresso. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo observacional prospectivo com o objetivo de conhecer os seguintes fatores que podem contribuir no tempo de esvaziamento gástrico: tipo de dieta predominante, comorbidades, uso de medicamentos, cirurgias anteriores, número de evacuações por semana, portador de obstipação intestinal, tipo fecal, tipo de dieta, número de evacuações após o uso domiciliar de bisacodil antes da ingestão de manitol e número de evacuações após a ingestão de manitol até atingir o preparo intestinal adequado. Antes de iniciar o preparo intestinal, os pacientes responderam a um questionário clínico. O endoscópio foi introduzido para aspirar o conteúdo gástrico, antes de iniciar a colonoscopia. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por 103 pacientes, sendo 55 mulheres, com média de idade de 61 anos, peso médio de 75,3 kg, altura média de 1,7 m e IMC médio de 26,6 kg/m2. O volume residual gástrico médio medido foi 120,9 (0-900) mL. Volume residual gástrico inferior a 100 mL (VRG ≤100 mL) foi encontrado em 45 (43,6%) pacientes, sendo 24 (53,3%) mulheres, com média de idade de 61,0 anos e IMC médio de 26,7 kg/m2. Volume residual gástrico acima de 100 mL (VRG >100 mL) ocorreu em 58 (56,3%) pacientes, sendo 29 (50%) mulheres, com idade média de 61,0 anos e IMC médio de 26,2 kg/m2. Comparando os dois grupos, notou-se que o tempo médio de jejum após a ingestão de manitol foi significativamente maior no grupo com VRG ≤100 mL do que no grupo com VRG> 100 mL, 123,1 (60-246) vs 95,3 (55-195) minutos, respectivamente. Também houve significância estatística em relação ao uso de ezetimiba 6 (13,7%), sendo maior no grupo com VRG ≤100 mL. Além disso, houve significância estatística no grupo com VRG >100 mL quanto ao uso de paroxetina 3 (6,7%) e tadalafil 3 (6,7%) e história cirúrgica de prostatectomia 3 (6,7%) e retirada de bridas 3 (6,7%). CONCLUSÃO: Podemos concluir neste estudo que o uso de ezetimiba e o jejum acima de 2 horas após a ingestão de manitol diminuem significativamente a incidência de um VRG> 100 mL. O uso de paroxetina, tadalafil e história cirúrgica de prostatectomia ou retirada de bridas podem contribuir para o aumento da incidência de um VRG >100 mL.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Bowel preparation with mannitol is a well-established method in Brazil. However, factors that interfere with the gastric emptying time period are yet to be known. Knowing these factors may favor the examination scheduling logistics and the individualized orientation for each patient. OBJECTIVE: Know the factors that can contribute to the gastric emptying time after intestinal preparation with express mannitol. METHODS: This is a prospective observational study to know factors that may contribute on the gastric emptying timing: predominant type of diet, comorbidities, medication usage, previous surgeries, number of evacuation per week, bearer of bowel obstipation, fecal type, diet type, number of evacuations after the home usage of bisacodyl before the ingestion of mannitol and number of evacuations after the ingestion of mannitol until reaching a proper bowel preparation. Before starting the colonoscopy exam, an upper digestive endoscopy exam was made to aspirate the gastric content. RESULTS: Sample was composed of 103 patients, 55 (53.4%) women, medium age 61 (±12.1) years, medium weight 75.3 (±14.1) kg, medium height 1.7 (±10) m and medium BMI of 26.6 (±3.9) kg/m2. Average gastric residual volume was 120.9 (0-900) mL. Gastric residual volume (GRV) below 100 mL (GRV ≤100 mL) occurred in 45 (43.6%) patients, 24 (53.3%) women, medium age of 61.0 years and medium BMI of 26.7 kg/m2. Gastric residual volume above 100 mL (GRV >100 mL) occurred on 58 (56.3%) patients, 29 (50%) women, medium age of 61.0 years and medium BMI of 26.2 kg/m2. Comparing both groups, average fasting time period after the ingestion of mannitol was significantly higher on the group with GRV ≤100 mL than group with GRV >100 mL, 123.1 (60-246) vs 95.3 (55-195) minutes, respectively. There was also statistical significance concerning the usage of ezetimibe 6 (13.7%) in the group with GRV ≤100 mL and statistical significance in the group with GRV >100 mL concerning the usage of paroxetine 3 (6.7%) and tadalafil 3 (6.7%) and surgical history of prostatectomy 3 (6.7%) and bridle withdrawal 3 (6.7%). CONCLUSION: We may conclude in this study that the usage of ezetimibe and fasting above 2 hours after the ingestion of mannitol decrease significantly the incidence of a GRV >100 mL. The usage of paroxetine, tadalafil and surgical history of prostatectomy or bridle withdrawal may contribute to increase de incidence of a GRV >100 mL.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to trace an epidemiological and clinical profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases diagnosed as lip and tongue SCC from June 2001 to 2018 at a pathology anatomy service located in Northeastern Brazil. Age, sex, duration, location, growth type, staining, metastasis, etiologic agents and lesion size data were obtained fr om patient clinical files and histopathological reports. A total of 124 cases were recorded, with tongue SCC being the most preval ent. The common characteristics of both assessed SCCs included higher frequency in men, mean age of 60 years old, evidence mostly of exophytic lesions and maximum size of 4 cm, predominantly diagnosed after a maximum of 1 year of appearance. Regarding divergent findings, lip SCC occurred mostly in the lower portion of the lip, presenting a predominantly leukoplastic color, with regular smoking habits and sunlight identified as the main etiological agents, and no strong relation to metastasis. On the other hand, tongue SCC mostly exhibiting predominantly erythroleukoplastic staining, with a greater relationship to alcohol - associated smoking and regular smoking habits. The highest percentage of patients with metastasis presented tongue SCC. Although lip and tongue SCC display a male preference, an increasing amount of female involvement has been noted over the years, due to the adoption of deleterious habits such as smoking and alcoholism. Tongue SCC presented a greater relationship with metastasis and clinical leukoeritroplastic evidence. This greater aggressiveness could be related to the unfavorable locat ion of these lesions in relation to lip SCC, sometimes making it difficult to identify in their early development stages.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este trabajo fue rastrear un perfil epidemiológico y clínico de los casos de carcinoma oral de células escamosas (CCE) diagnosticados como CCE de labios y lengua entre junio de 2001 y 2018 en un servicio de anatomía patológica ubicado en el Noreste de Brasil. Los datos de edad, sexo, duración, ubicación, tipo de crecimiento, tinción, metástasis, agentes etiológicos y tamaño de la lesión se obtuvieron de los archivos clínicos de los pacientes y los informes histopatológicos. Se revisaron un total de 124 casos, siendo el CCE de lengua el más prevalente. Las características comunes de ambos CCE evaluados incluyeron mayor frecuencia en hombres, edad promedio de 60 años, evidencia mayoritariamente de lesiones exofíticas y tamaño máximo de 4 cm, diagnosticado predominantemente después de un máximo de 1 año de aparición. En cuanto a los hallazgos divergentes, el CCE labial se presentó mayoritariamente en la porción inferior del labio, presentando un color predominantemente leucoplásico, con el hábito de fumar habitualmente y la luz solar identificados como los principales agentes etiológicos, sin una fuerte relación con las metástasis. Por otro lado, el CEC de la lengua presenta en su mayoría tinción predominantemente eritroleucoplásica, con una mayor relación con el tabaquismo asociado con el alcohol y con los hábitos habituales de tabaquismo. El mayor porcentaje de pacientes con metástasis presentó CCE de lengua. Aunque el CCE de labios y lengua muestra una preferencia en hombres, se ha observado una cantidad cada vez mayor prevalencia en mujeres a lo largo de los años, debido a la adopción de hábitos nocivos como el tabaquismo y el alcoholismo. El CCE de lengua presentó una mayor relación con la metástasis y la evidencia clínica leucoeritroplásica. Esta mayor agresividad podría estar relacionada con la ubicación desfavorable de estas lesiones en relación al CCE labial, dificultando en ocasiones su identificación en sus primeras etapas de desarrollo.

Resumo Fundamento Na pandemia pela COVID-19, o aumento da ocorrência e da mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) vem sendo reconhecido no mundo. No Brasil, é essencial que o impacto da COVID-19 na DCV seja analisado. Objetivos Avaliar o impacto desta pandemia nos números de internações hospitalares (IH), óbitos hospitalares (OH) e letalidade intra-hospitalar (LH) por DCV a partir de dados epidemiológicos do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos Estudo observacional de séries temporais por meio da análise comparativa das taxas de IH, OH e LH por DCV registrados entre janeiro e maio de 2020, usando como referência os valores obtidos no mesmo período entre 2016 e 2019 e os valores projetados por métodos de regressão linear para o ano de 2020. O nível significância estatística utilizado foi de 0,05. Resultados Em comparação com o mesmo período de 2019, houve um decréscimo de 15% na taxa de IH e de 9% no total de OH por DCV entre março e maio de 2020, acompanhado de um aumento de 9% na taxa de LH por esse grupo de doenças, sobretudo entre pacientes com idade de 20-59 anos. As taxas de IH e LH registradas em 2020 diferiram significativamente da tendência projetada para o corrente ano (p=0,0005 e 0,0318, respectivamente). Conclusões Durante os primeiros meses da pandemia, observou-se um declínio na IH associado a um aumento da LH por DCV no Brasil. Esses dados possivelmente são consequência do planejamento inadequado no manejo das DCV durante a pandemia, sendo necessária a implementação de ações imediatas para modificar esse cenário. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Abstract Background In the COVID-19 pandemic, the increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality from them has been recognized worldwide. In Brazil, the impact of COVID-19 on CVD must be evaluated. Objectives To assess the impact of the current pandemic on the numbers of hospital admissions (HA), in-hospital deaths (ID), and in-hospital fatality (IF) from CVD by use of national epidemiological data from the Brazilian Unified Public Health System. Methods Time-series observational study using comparative analysis of the HA, ID, and IF due to CVD recorded from January to May 2020, having as reference the values registered in the same period from 2016 to 2019 and the values projected by linear regression methods for 2020. The statistical significance level applied was 0.05. Results Compared to the same period in 2019, there was a 15% decrease in the HA rate and a 9% decrease in the total ID due to CVD between March and May 2020, followed by a 9% increase in the IF rate due to CVD, especially among patients aged 20-59 years. The HA and IF rates registered in 2020 differed significantly from the projected trend for 2020 (p = 0.0005 and 0.0318, respectively). Conclusions During the first months of the pandemic, there were a decline in HA and an increase in IF due to CVD in Brazil. These data might have resulted from the inadequate planning of the CVD management during the pandemic. Thus, immediate actions are required to change this scenario. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

RESUMO Objetivo: evidenciar os resultados clínicos da navegação realizada por enfermeiros no paciente com câncer. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura, com coleta nas bases de dados MEDLINE via PUBMED, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus e CINAHL. A amostra final foi composta por sete estudos. Os dados foram analisados e apresentados descritivamente. Dados relacionados aos resultados clínicos foram compilados e descritos na íntegra. Utilizou-se a categorização da Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality para avaliação do nível de evidência. Resultados: os resultados clínicos demonstrados foram diminuição do sofrimento, ansiedade e depressão, melhora no controle e manejo dos sintomas, melhora no condicionamento físico, melhora na qualidade e continuidade dos cuidados, melhora na qualidade de vida, redução do tempo para o início do tratamento. Considerações finais: hápesquisas que evidenciam melhores resultados clínicos no paciente com câncer por meio da realização da navegação pelo enfermeiro em todo o continuum de assistência à saúde.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evidence the clinical outcomes of navigation performed by nurses in cancer patients. Methods: this is an integrative literature review with collection in MEDLINE via PUBMED, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. The final sample consisted of seven studies. The data were analyzed and presented descriptively. Data related to clinical outcomes were compiled and described in full. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality categorization was used to assess the level of evidence. Results: the clinical outcomes demonstrated were decreased distress, anxiety and depression, improved control and management of symptoms, improved physical conditioning, improved quality and continuity of care, improved quality of life, reduced time to start treatment. Final considerations: there is research that shows better clinical outcomes in cancer patients through navigation by nurses across the continuum of health care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: destacar los resultados clínicos de la navegación realizada por enfermeras en pacientes oncológicos. Métodos: revisión integradora de la literatura, con recogida en las bases de datos MEDLINE vía PUBMED, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus y CINAHL. La muestra final consistió en siete estudios. Los datos fueron analizados y presentados de forma descriptiva. Los datos relacionados con los resultados clínicos se recopilaron y describieron en su totalidad. Se utilizó la categorización de la Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality para evaluar el nivel de evidencia. Resultados: los resultados clínicos demostrados fueron disminución del sufrimiento, ansiedad y depresión, mejor control y manejo de los síntomas, mejor acondicionamiento físico, mejor calidad y continuidad de la atención, mejor calidad de vida, menor tiempo para iniciar el tratamiento. Consideraciones finales: existen estudios que muestran mejores resultados clínicos en pacientes con cáncer a través de la navegación por enfermeras a lo largo del continuo de la atención de salud

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen associated with healthcare-related infections, affecting mainly patients with underlying diseases and immunosuppression. This microorganism has several virulence mechanisms that favour its pathogenesis, including the production of biofilm. This study aimed to analyze the phenotypic production of biofilms, the occurrence of quorum sensing (QS) genes, and the clonal profile of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa from colonized/infected patients in a tertiary hospital in Recife-PE. METHODS: We obtained 21 isolates that were classified as infection isolates (II), and 10 colonization isolates (CI). The phenotypic analysis for biofilm production was performed quantitatively. The QS genes were detected by specific PCRs, and the clonal profile was assessed using ERIC-PCR. RESULTS: Of the 31 isolates, 58.1 % (18/31) were biofilm producers, of which 70 % (7/10) were CI and classified as weakly adherent; 52.4 % (11/21) of the II produced biofilms, and were classified as weak (38.1 %, (8/21)), moderate (9.5 %, (2/21)), and strongly adherent (4.8 %, (1/21)). All isolates harbored the QS genes analyzed. In the clonal analysis, 26 distinct genetic profiles were identified, highlighting the presence of a clone in four samples, i.e., one infection isolate, and 3 colonization isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of biofilm formation is important in P. aeruginosa in addition to the identification of colonization and infection isolates, especially from complex environments such as ICUs. Further, we define a strategy for monitoring and analyzing P. aeruginosa strains that can potentially cause infections in hospitalized patients.

Abstract Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory and chronic autoimmune disease that leads to muscle mass loss and functional capacity impairment, potentiated by physical inactivity. Despite evidences demonstrate neuromuscular impairments in RA patients, aging effects may have masked the results of similar previous studies. The aim of study was to verify (i) the effects of RA on functional capacity and muscle properties in middle-aged patients and (ii) the association between age, clinical characteristics, quadriceps muscle properties and functional capacity. Methods: Thirty-five RA women and 35 healthy age-matched women were compared with the following outcomes: (i) physical activity level through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ); (ii) timed-up and go (TUG) test; (iii) isometric knee extensor muscular strength; and (iv) vastus lateralis muscle activation and muscle architecture (muscle thickness, pennation angle and fascicle length) during an isometric test. An independent Student t-test and partial correlation (controlled by physical activity levels) were performed, with p < 0.05. Results: Compared with healthy women, RA presented (i) lower physical activity level (- 29.4%; p < 0.001); (ii) lower isometric knee extensor strength (- 20.5%; p < 0.001); (iii) lower TUG performance (- 21.7%; p < 0.001); (iv) smaller muscle thickness (- 23.3%; p < 0.001) and pennation angle (- 14.1%; p = 0.011). No differences were observed in muscle activation and fascicle length. Finally, the correlation demonstrated that, with exception of TUG, muscle strength and muscle morphology were not associated with age in RA, differently from healthy participants. Conclusion: Middle-aged RA patients’ impairments occurred due to the disease independently of the aging process, except for functional capacity. Physical inactivity may have potentiated these losses.